Court of Appeal Decision: Mobilx, Blue Sphere, Calltel
The Court of Appeal has clarified the ‘Kittel’ test in VAT fraud cases, ruling that the key question is whether a trader should have known their transactions were connected to fraud, rather than whether it was merely likely. HMRC bears the burden of proof to show the trader’s knowledge. This decision helps genuine traders defend against denied input tax claims, but full, robust responses to HMRC’s fraud indicators remain essential. Contact Lexlaw for expert VAT litigation advice and representation.